Expert Consultation: Dr. Danuta Chrzanowska-Liszewska, Specialist in Paediatrics and Neonatology
Although it may not seem obvious, caring for your baby’s spine begins from the very first minute of their life. Newborns are particularly vulnerable to various injuries and issues that could lead to problems such as a curved spine as they grow. In this article, we’ll guide you on what to look out for.
How Does a Baby's Spine Develop?
Let’s begin by explaining how a baby’s spine develops. There are many changes that take place during the first year of life.
An adult spine has natural curves:
Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
A newborn’s spine, however, is shaped like the letter "C". This is due to the baby’s position while in the mother’s womb. During the first month of life, the baby’s spine begins to develop cervical lordosis. This process is completed when the baby gains control of their head and, when lying on their tummy, can prop themselves up on their forearms—usually around 3 months of age.
Next comes the development of thoracic kyphosis. This phase is completed when the baby learns to sit up without support from the back or sides, which typically happens between 8 and 10 months.
The final stage is the development of lumbar lordosis. This occurs as the baby learns to walk, usually between 12 and 18 months of age.
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Keeping Your Baby's Spine Healthy – What to Do?
A baby’s spine needs time and freedom to develop properly. Encourage your little one to move, even from the first month of life. Make sure to place them on their tummy and let them freely move their arms and legs. Avoid restricting their movement with tight swaddles or wraps all the time.
It’s also worth mentioning that swimming is excellent for your baby’s spine (just as it is for adults). It helps develop muscles without putting strain on the joints. Plus, babies retain the instinct to hold their breath underwater up until around eight months old.
Keeping Your Baby's Spine Healthy – What Not to Do
If you want to support your baby’s spine development, the most important thing is not to rush through their developmental stages. Faster doesn’t mean better. Every baby grows at their own pace, and it’s important not to compare them with others. Of course, if your child’s development seems significantly delayed, it’s wise to consult a doctor, but in most cases, your paediatrician will catch any concerns early and may recommend seeing a physiotherapist if needed.
Avoid holding your baby upright in your arms or in a sling if they haven’t yet learned to sit independently. Don’t try to make them sit too early either.
When teaching your child to walk, avoid pulling them up by their arms. Babies initially learn to walk by holding onto furniture, often sideways. While it may not seem important, this stage helps them position their feet in a way that prevents flat feet.
Don’t place a pillow under your baby’s head when they sleep. The best option for a baby’s spine is to sleep directly on the mattress. Also, avoid co-sleeping in your bed, as adult mattresses are typically much softer than what’s ideal for a baby.
What to Buy and What to Avoid to Support Your Baby's Spine – Toys, Equipment, Accessories
Many baby products can seem tempting to parents, often promising faster or seemingly easier development. One such item is the baby walker. It’s best to avoid it, as it can contribute to poor spinal development. Walkers place unnecessary strain on the spine and encourage babies to push off with their feet in an unnatural way.
A key element for a healthy spine is choosing the right mattress. It should be firm, yet springy enough to provide support without being too soft.
In the early months, a pram that allows your baby to lie flat is essential. Parents should avoid using a stroller until their child is able to sit up independently.
For walking toddlers, avoid buying second-hand shoes. This isn’t just for hygiene reasons, but also because each child’s feet are positioned differently, and wearing pre-worn shoes can disrupt this process, potentially leading to foot or knee problems. It’s also important to ensure shoes are the correct size from the start—your child shouldn’t wear shoes that are too small or too large.
Expert Consultation: Dr. Danuta Chrzanowska-Liszewska, Specialist in Paediatrics and Neonatology
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